API

GCSFileSystem([project, access, token, …])	Connect to Google Cloud Storage.
GCSFileSystem.cat(path[, recursive, on_error])	Fetch (potentially multiple) paths’ contents
GCSFileSystem.du(path[, total, maxdepth])	Space used by files within a path
GCSFileSystem.exists(path, **kwargs)	Is there a file at the given path
GCSFileSystem.get(rpath, lpath[, recursive])	Copy file(s) to local.
GCSFileSystem.glob(path[, prefix])	Find files by glob-matching.
GCSFileSystem.info(path, **kwargs)	Give details of entry at path
GCSFileSystem.ls(path[, detail])	List objects at path.
GCSFileSystem.mkdir(bucket[, acl, default_acl])	New bucket
GCSFileSystem.mv(path1, path2[, recursive, …])	Move file(s) from one location to another
GCSFileSystem.open(path[, mode, block_size, …])	Return a file-like object from the filesystem
GCSFileSystem.put(lpath, rpath[, recursive])	Copy file(s) from local.
GCSFileSystem.read_block(fn, offset, length)	Read a block of bytes from
GCSFileSystem.rm(path[, recursive, batchsize])	Delete files.
GCSFileSystem.tail(path[, size])	Get the last size bytes from file
GCSFileSystem.touch(path[, truncate])	Create empty file, or update timestamp
GCSFileSystem.get_mapper(root[, check, create])	Create key/value store based on this file-system

GCSFile(gcsfs, path[, mode, block_size, …])	Attributes:
GCSFile.close()	Close file
GCSFile.flush([force])	Write buffered data to backend store.
GCSFile.info()	File information about this path
GCSFile.read([length])	Return data from cache, or fetch pieces as necessary
GCSFile.seek(loc[, whence])	Set current file location
GCSFile.tell()	Current file location
GCSFile.write(data)	Write data to buffer.

class gcsfs.core.GCSFileSystem(project='', access='full_control', token=None, block_size=None, consistency='none', cache_timeout=None, secure_serialize=True, check_connection=False, requests_timeout=None, requester_pays=False, asynchronous=False, loop=None, callback_timeout=None, **kwargs)

Connect to Google Cloud Storage.

The following modes of authentication are supported:

• token=None, GCSFS will attempt to guess your credentials in the following order: gcloud CLI default, gcsfs cached token, google compute metadata service, anonymous.
• token='google_default', your default gcloud credentials will be used, which are typically established by doing gcloud login in a terminal.
• token=='cache', credentials from previously successful gcsfs authentication will be used (use this after “browser” auth succeeded)
• token='anon', no authentication is preformed, and you can only access data which is accessible to allUsers (in this case, the project and access level parameters are meaningless)
• token='browser', you get an access code with which you can authenticate via a specially provided URL
• if token='cloud', we assume we are running within google compute or google container engine, and query the internal metadata directly for a token.
• you may supply a token generated by the [gcloud](https://cloud.google.com/sdk/docs/) utility; this is either a python dictionary, the name of a file containing the JSON returned by logging in with the gcloud CLI tool, or a Credentials object. gcloud typically stores its tokens in locations such as ~/.config/gcloud/application_default_credentials.json, `` ~/.config/gcloud/credentials``, or ~\AppData\Roaming\gcloud\credentials, etc.

Specific methods, (eg. ls, info, …) may return object details from GCS. These detailed listings include the [object resource](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects#resource)

GCS does not include “directory” objects but instead generates directories by splitting [object names](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/key-terms). This means that, for example, a directory does not need to exist for an object to be created within it. Creating an object implicitly creates it’s parent directories, and removing all objects from a directory implicitly deletes the empty directory.

GCSFileSystem generates listing entries for these implied directories in listing apis with the object properies:

• “name” : string

  The “{bucket}/{name}” path of the dir, used in calls to GCSFileSystem or GCSFile.

• “bucket” : string

  The name of the bucket containing this object.

• “kind” : ‘storage#object’
• “size” : 0
• “storageClass” : ‘DIRECTORY’
• type: ‘directory’ (fsspec compat)

GCSFileSystem maintains a per-implied-directory cache of object listings and fulfills all object information and listing requests from cache. This implied, for example, that objects created via other processes will not be visible to the GCSFileSystem until the cache refreshed. Calls to GCSFileSystem.open and calls to GCSFile are not effected by this cache.

In the default case the cache is never expired. This may be controlled via the cache_timeout GCSFileSystem parameter or via explicit calls to GCSFileSystem.invalidate_cache.

Parameters:

project : string

project_id to work under. Note that this is not the same as, but often very similar to, the project name. This is required in order to list all the buckets you have access to within a project and to create/delete buckets, or update their access policies. If token='google_default', the value is overriden by the default, if token='anon', the value is ignored.

access : one of {‘read_only’, ‘read_write’, ‘full_control’}

Full control implies read/write as well as modifying metadata, e.g., access control.

token: None, dict or string

(see description of authentication methods, above)

consistency: ‘none’, ‘size’, ‘md5’

Check method when writing files. Can be overridden in open().

cache_timeout: float, seconds

Cache expiration time in seconds for object metadata cache. Set cache_timeout <= 0 for no caching, None for no cache expiration.

secure_serialize: bool (deprecated)

check_connection: bool

When token=None, gcsfs will attempt various methods of establishing credentials, falling back to anon. It is possible for a method to find credentials in the system that turn out not to be valid. Setting this parameter to True will ensure that an actual operation is attempted before deciding that credentials are valid.

requester_pays : bool, or str default False

Whether to use requester-pays requests. This will include your project ID project in requests as the userPorject, and you’ll be billed for accessing data from requester-pays buckets. Optionally, pass a project-id here as a string to use that as the userProject.

Attributes:

buckets

Return list of available project buckets.

session

transaction

A context within which files are committed together upon exit

Methods

cat(path[, recursive, on_error])	Fetch (potentially multiple) paths’ contents
cat_file(path[, start, end])	Get the content of a file
checksum(path)	Unique value for current version of file
clear_instance_cache()	Clear the cache of filesystem instances.
connect([method])	Establish session token.
copy(path1, path2[, recursive, on_error])	Copy within two locations in the filesystem
cp(path1, path2, **kwargs)	Alias of FilesystemSpec.copy.
created(path)	Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime
current()	Return the most recently created FileSystem
delete(path[, recursive, maxdepth])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.rm.
disk_usage(path[, total, maxdepth])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.du.
download(rpath, lpath[, recursive])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.get.
du(path[, total, maxdepth])	Space used by files within a path
end_transaction()	Finish write transaction, non-context version
exists(path, **kwargs)	Is there a file at the given path
expand_path(path[, recursive, maxdepth])	Turn one or more globs or directories into a list of all matching paths to files or directories.
find(path[, withdirs, detail, prefix])	List all files below path.
from_json(blob)	Recreate a filesystem instance from JSON representation
get(rpath, lpath[, recursive])	Copy file(s) to local.
get_file(rpath, lpath, **kwargs)	Copy single remote file to local
get_mapper(root[, check, create])	Create key/value store based on this file-system
getxattr(path, attr)	Get user-defined metadata attribute
glob(path[, prefix])	Find files by glob-matching.
head(path[, size])	Get the first size bytes from file
info(path, **kwargs)	Give details of entry at path
invalidate_cache([path])	Invalidate listing cache for given path, it is reloaded on next use.
isdir(path)	Is this entry directory-like?
isfile(path)	Is this entry file-like?
listdir(path[, detail])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.ls.
load_tokens()	Get “browser” tokens from disc
ls(path[, detail])	List objects at path.
makedir(path[, create_parents])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.mkdir.
makedirs(path[, exist_ok])	Recursively make directories
merge(path, paths[, acl])	Concatenate objects within a single bucket
mkdir(bucket[, acl, default_acl])	New bucket
mkdirs(path[, exist_ok])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.makedirs.
modified(path)	Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime
move(path1, path2, **kwargs)	Alias of FilesystemSpec.mv.
mv(path1, path2[, recursive, maxdepth])	Move file(s) from one location to another
open(path[, mode, block_size, cache_options])	Return a file-like object from the filesystem
pipe(path[, value])	Put value into path
pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)	Set the bytes of given file
put(lpath, rpath[, recursive])	Copy file(s) from local.
put_file(lpath, rpath, **kwargs)	Copy single file to remote
read_block(fn, offset, length[, delimiter])	Read a block of bytes from
rename(path1, path2, **kwargs)	Alias of FilesystemSpec.mv.
rm(path[, recursive, batchsize])	Delete files.
rm_file(path)	Delete a file
rmdir(bucket)	Delete an empty bucket
setxattrs(path[, content_type, content_encoding])	Set/delete/add writable metadata attributes
sign(path[, expiration])	Create a signed URL representing the given path
size(path)	Size in bytes of file
split_path(path)	Normalise GCS path string into bucket and key.
start_transaction()	Begin write transaction for deferring files, non-context version
stat(path, **kwargs)	Alias of FilesystemSpec.info.
tail(path[, size])	Get the last size bytes from file
to_json()	JSON representation of this filesystem instance
touch(path[, truncate])	Create empty file, or update timestamp
ukey(path)	Hash of file properties, to tell if it has changed
upload(lpath, rpath[, recursive])	Alias of FilesystemSpec.put.
url(path)	Get HTTP URL of the given path
validate_response(status, content, json, path)	Check the requests object r, raise error if it’s not ok.
walk(path[, maxdepth])	Return all files belows path

call
cp_file
maybe_refresh
set_session

buckets

Return list of available project buckets.

connect(method=None)

Establish session token. A new token will be requested if the current one is within 100s of expiry.

Parameters:

method: str (google_default|cache|cloud|token|anon|browser) or None

Type of authorisation to implement - calls _connect_* methods. If None, will try sequence of methods.

find(path, withdirs=False, detail=False, prefix='', **kwargs)

List all files below path.

Like posix find command without conditions

Parameters:

path : str

maxdepth: int or None

If not None, the maximum number of levels to descend

withdirs: bool

Whether to include directory paths in the output. This is True when used by glob, but users usually only want files.

kwargs are passed to ``ls``.

getxattr(path, attr)

Get user-defined metadata attribute

glob(path, prefix='', **kwargs)

Find files by glob-matching.

If the path ends with ‘/’ and does not contain “*”, it is essentially the same as ls(path), returning only files.

We support "**", "?" and "[..]". We do not support ^ for pattern negation.

Search path names that contain embedded characters special to this implementation of glob may not produce expected results; e.g., ‘foo/bar/starredfilename’.

kwargs are passed to ls.

invalidate_cache(path=None)

Invalidate listing cache for given path, it is reloaded on next use.

Parameters:

path: string or None

If None, clear all listings cached else listings at or under given path.

classmethod load_tokens()

Get “browser” tokens from disc

merge(path, paths, acl=None)

Concatenate objects within a single bucket

mkdir(bucket, acl='projectPrivate', default_acl='bucketOwnerFullControl')

New bucket

Parameters:

bucket: str

bucket name. If contains ‘/’ (i.e., looks like subdir), will have no effect because GCS doesn’t have real directories.

acl: string, one of bACLs

access for the bucket itself

default_acl: str, one of ACLs

default ACL for objects created in this bucket

rm(path, recursive=False, batchsize=20)

Delete files.

Parameters:

path: str or list of str

File(s) to delete.

recursive: bool

If file(s) are directories, recursively delete contents and then also remove the directory

maxdepth: int or None

Depth to pass to walk for finding files to delete, if recursive. If None, there will be no limit and infinite recursion may be possible.

rmdir(bucket)

Delete an empty bucket

Parameters:

bucket: str

bucket name. If contains ‘/’ (i.e., looks like subdir), will have no effect because GCS doesn’t have real directories.

setxattrs(path, content_type=None, content_encoding=None, **kwargs)

Set/delete/add writable metadata attributes

content_type: str

If not None, set the content-type to this value

content_encoding: str

If not None, set the content-encoding. See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/transcoding

kw_args: key-value pairs like field=”value” or field=None

value must be string to add or modify, or None to delete

Returns:

Entire metadata after update (even if only path is passed)

classmethod split_path(path)

Normalise GCS path string into bucket and key.

Parameters:

path : string

Input path, like gcs://mybucket/path/to/file. Path is of the form: ‘[gs|gcs://]bucket[/key]’

Returns:

(bucket, key) tuple

classmethod url(path)

Get HTTP URL of the given path

validate_response(status, content, json, path, headers=None)

Check the requests object r, raise error if it’s not ok.

Parameters:

r: requests response object

path: associated URL path, for error messages

class gcsfs.core.GCSFile(gcsfs, path, mode='rb', block_size=5242880, autocommit=True, cache_type='readahead', cache_options=None, acl=None, consistency='md5', metadata=None, content_type=None, callback_timeout=None, **kwargs)

Attributes:

closed

Methods

close()	Close file
commit()	If not auto-committing, finalize file
discard()	Cancel in-progress multi-upload
fileno(/)	Returns underlying file descriptor if one exists.
flush([force])	Write buffered data to backend store.
info()	File information about this path
isatty(/)	Return whether this is an ‘interactive’ stream.
read([length])	Return data from cache, or fetch pieces as necessary
readable()	Whether opened for reading
readinto(b)	mirrors builtin file’s readinto method
readline()	Read until first occurrence of newline character
readlines()	Return all data, split by the newline character
readuntil([char, blocks])	Return data between current position and first occurrence of char
seek(loc[, whence])	Set current file location
seekable()	Whether is seekable (only in read mode)
tell()	Current file location
truncate	Truncate file to size bytes.
url()	HTTP link to this file’s data
writable()	Whether opened for writing
write(data)	Write data to buffer.
writelines(lines, /)	Write a list of lines to stream.

readinto1

commit()

If not auto-committing, finalize file

discard()

Cancel in-progress multi-upload

Should only happen during discarding this write-mode file

info()

File information about this path

url()

HTTP link to this file’s data